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Jean-Marc MORICEAU et Jean VIGREUX,
Around an examination dowload
Gilles PECOUT, The Countries in the
Socio-Political Evolution of Europe (1830-1929).
Thematical and Bibliographical Guidance. France,
Germany, Spain and Italy.
Abstract :
response to the agricultural crisis, the French
Third Republic and Imperial Germany developped a
protectionist tariff policy at the end of the xixth
century. The aim was not only economic but also
political : the integration of the rural classes
into national politics. In France, the Republicans
sought the support of the rural population, whereas
it was the conservative German parties forming the
government, especially in Prussia, which found
their electoral basis in the countryside. As a
consequence of extraordinary economic growth and an
expanding population, agrarian protectionism took
an « aggressive » character in Germany,
dividing agrarian and industrial classes. In
France, by contrast, as a consequence of smoother
demographic and economic developments, such
protectionnism brought together the middle classes
as the basis of the Third Republic.
Rita ALDENFOFF HÜBINGER, Two
Countries, two Agrarian Policies ? The
Protectionism in France and Germany
(1880-1914).
Abstract : In
response to the agricultural crisis, the French
Third Republic and Imperial Germany developped a
protectionist tariff policy at the end of the xixth
century. The aim was not only economic but also
political : the integration of the rural classes
into national politics. In France, the Republicans
sought the support of the rural population, whereas
it was the conservative German parties forming the
government, especially in Prussia, which found
their electoral basis in the countryside. As a
consequence of extraordinary economic growth and an
expanding population, agrarian protectionism took
an « aggressive » character in Germany,
dividing agrarian and industrial classes. In
France, by contrast, as a consequence of smoother
demographic and economic developments, such
protectionnism brought together the middle classes
as the basis of the Third Republic.
Keywords :
Agricultural policy, comparative agrarian history,
tariffs
Studies
Anthony PINTO, Horses and Mules
Trade between France and Catalan (14th-15th
Centuries).
Abstract :
Abstract : Notarial deeds from Catalonia and
Roussillon which have been saved since the Middle
Ages show massive imports of equidae from the South
of France. In addition to these unprecedented
exchanges and to the existence of southern French
horse-dealers around Perpignan and Gerona, the
notary sources indicate the price and quality of
the mules, asses and horses coming from various
horse-breeding areas. We understand from this how,
in the 1400s, the use of equidae became
increasingly widespread in Catalonia and
Roussillon. The setting up of intensive breeding
facilities, as well as the increasing number of
local and foreign horse-dealers testify to the
beginning of a golden age.
Keywords :
Breeding, equidae, growth, horse-dealers, notary
sources, trade.
Pierre PONSOT, The Beginning of
Maize Cultivation in Bresse under the Reign of
Henri IV. A Discovery, a Mystery.
Abstract : Maize
appears to have been grown in Bresse from the
beginning of the xviith century. Is Bresse the
first French region to have adopted the new plant ?
This article, based on a more developed work
published in 2003, provides the relevant edited
sources and comments on the method used to locate
the introduction of maize in the records, pointing
out the difficulties of the task and the pitfalls
it faces, specially in terms of terminology.
Keywords : Maize
diffusion, buckwheat, Bresse, Saône
valley.
Sylvain OLIVIER, The Textile Broom
(15th-18th Centuries). An Agricultural Dynamics in
Lodevoisy.
Abstract : From
time to time, wild-growing Spanish broom has been
cultivated on account of its fibres, which could be
used to make a rough fabric. The cadastral and
notarial archives of the region of Lodève
show that the plant was still rare at the beginning
of the xviith century, when ploughing was the
dominant practice. It began to spread when the
extent of fallow land increased. However, it was
only in the xixth century that Spanish broom became
a massive presence giving rise to new agricultural
practices. Peasants not only exploited the plant
for making textiles and used the broomfields for
pastoral purposes, they also cultivated Spanish
broom to fertilize and prepare the ground for the
seeding of cereals. Thus, the study of broom and
its various uses increases our understanding of the
relationship between rural society and the
Languedocian countryside.
Keywords :
Agricultural change, agriculture, Broussonnet,
cattle raising, garrigues, Languedoc,
Lodévois, Spanish broom, textile.
Primary sources
Thomas JARRY, Around a Medieval
Plan. The Plan of Allemagne (Fleury-sur-Orne) in
1477.
Abstract : South
of Caen, the marsh of Allemagne (today known as
Fleury-sur-Orne) was, in the 15th century, the
subject of a detailed survey map, preserved in the
archival fund of the Saint-Étienne de Caen
abbey, in the Archives départementales of
Calvados. Over one yard in length, the
microtoponymy and the surface areas of the plots of
land, as well as the names of their tenant holders
for 145 hectars of land hemmed in a meander of the
Orne, are listed. By confronting it with other
maps, as well as archeological and textual sources,
one may venture that the local map of Allemagne
fitted within the scheme of « marchements
» planned by the Caen abbey, and that it came
as an annex to a land book drawn up in 1477 and now
lost. Just as elsewhere in France or England in the
aftermath of the Hundred Years' War, resorting to a
survey map meant using new principles of feudal
management in a region generating large profits,
and which was a subject of litigation between the
abbeys of Caen and Fontenay.
Keywords : Land
book, local map, Middle Ages, Saint-Étienne
de Caen abbey.
Sylvie CAUCANAS, About Leases of
Livestock. "Gasailles and aregues" in Aude, France
(15th-18th Centuries).
Abstract : Present
in the South of France from the Middle Ages till
the xixth Century, the type of contract called
gasailles was not very different from other leases
of livestock which existed in others areas in
France. Generally profitable, these contracts
essentially concerned ovine livestock, but they
could also refer to draught or ploughing animals.
The records which we are editing today have been
selected to give a representative sample of the
contracts called gasailles in the French
département of Aude.
Keywords : Aude,
gasailles, leases of livestock.
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